Plumbing training is an all-inclusive process, one that takes the individual from the very basics to the more complicated aspects of plumbing. The plumbing courses start by training the student how to handle basic pipe work. Learning how to master joining pipe into configurations is the most important skill as it is the base that all future work is built from.

Courses also cover health and safety issues, specifically ones that the plumber is going to experience on the work site. Personal safety is extremely important because of the materials and tools that are being used. There are times when an open flame is needed to melt solder, which is an obvious hazard. What is not as obvious is on the job safety, where keeping a clean work area can make the difference between going home in one piece or having an inconvenient injury.

Going through a plumbing training course ensures that the individual receives education in all facets of plumbing. Some of what is taught covers the science of plumbing, the key principles that underlie the craft in general as well as how to work with different types of plumbing materials. Pipe comes in a variety of materials and forms which makes understanding how they act in a real life situation, as well as where to apply them, very important.

At the end of the plumbing courses, the individual can now proudly call themselves a plumber, complete with a portfolio of work to present to the licensing body. From here on out, he can start working on actual jobs, putting the new skills to good use. Eventually, he can also go back for more specialized training in order to advance his skills and his career.

Healthcare Prof:

3 (2 votes)

Researchers in the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have located that emotional well-being is not an independent factor affecting the prognosis of patients with head and neck cancers. This study appears within the December 1st issue of CANCER.

“The belief that a patient’s psychological state can impact the course and outcome of their cancer is one that has been prominent among patients and medical professionals, alike,” says James C. Coyne, PhD, Co-Leader, Cancer Control and Outcomes Plan, Abramson Cancer Center; Professor of Psychology in Psychiatry at Penn; and lead author of the study. “This belief leads people to seek psychotherapy inside the hopes of promoting survival. While there can be lots of emotional and social advantages of psychotherapy, patients should not seek such experiences solely on the expectation that they are extending their lives.”

Study participants were enrolled in two Radiation Oncology Group clinical trials and completed a baseline measure of quality of life questionnaire which included an Emotional Well-Being subscale. The outcome measure was overall survival. The study sample included 1,093 patients, and of this group, 646 died throughout the length of the study. With the coupling of this large sample and the uniformity of treatment and top quality of care which is required in a clinical trial, this is 1 of the methodologically strongest studies in this area to-date.

The researchers discovered that emotional status was not a predictor of survival among this population. Additionally, no effects were observed when the researchers examined interactions between emotional well-being and study protocol, gender, primary cancer site, or stage of cancer. Therefore, the study reports that “this psychologic variable neither affected progression or death directly, nor functioned as a lurking variable.”

“While this study may not end the debate, it does provide the strongest evidence to-date that psychological factors are not independently prognostic in cancer management,” says Dr. Coyne.

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Additional study authors are Thomas F. Pajak, PhD, American College of Radiology; Jonathan Harris, MS, American College of Radiology; Andre Konski, Fox Chase Cancer Center; Benjamin Movsas, Fox Chase Cancer Center; Kian Ang, MD, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; and Deborah Watkins Bruner, PhD, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania.

PENN Medicine is actually a $3.five billion enterprise dedicated to the associated missions of medical education, biomedical research, and excellence in patient care. PENN Medicine consists of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (founded in 1765 as the nation’s first medical school) and the University of Pennsylvania Health Method.

Penn’s School of Medicine is currently ranked #3 in the nation in U.S.News & World Report’s survey of top research-oriented medical schools; and, according to most recent data from the National Institutes of Wellness, received over $379 million in NIH research funds inside the 2006 fiscal year. Supporting 1,400 fulltime faculty and 700 students, the School of Medicine is recognized worldwide for its superior education and training of the next generation of physician-scientists and leaders of academic medicine.

The University of Pennsylvania Wellness System consists of three hospitals — its flagship hospital, the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, rated 1 of the nation’s “Honor Roll” hospitals by U.S.News & World Report; Pennsylvania Hospital, the nation’s first hospital; and Penn Presbyterian Medical Center — a faculty practice plan; a primary-care provider network; two multispecialty satellite facilities; and home care and hospice.

Source: Kate Olderman Tavella
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

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